Differences in encoding for free recall vs. recognition
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Differential encoding mechanisms for subsequent associative recognition and free recall.
Recent neuroimaging studies have successfully identified encoding mechanisms that support different forms of subsequent episodic recognition memory. In our everyday lives, however, much of our episodic memory retrieval is accomplished by means of free recall, i.e., retrieval without an external recognition cue. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the enco...
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The present experiments demonstrate that picture-word stimuli are differentially encoded in anticipation of a recognition test than in anticipation of a free-recall test. Subjects perform better on the retention test of which they have been informed, and different information from the stimuli is used to pass each test. These findings cannot be attributed to stimulus selection nor to pure pictor...
متن کاملLarge individual differences in free recall
Using single factor ANOVA I show that there are large individual differences in free recall (η² ranges from 0.09-0.26) including the total recall, the balance between recency and primacy, and the initial recall (subsequent recalls show smaller individual differences). All three memory properties are relatively uncorrelated. The variance in the initial position may be a measure of executive cont...
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A model of free recall is described which identifies two processes in free recall: a retrieval process by which the subject accesses the words, and a recognition process by which the subject decides whether an implicitly retrieved word is a to-be-recalled word. Submodels for the recognition process and the retrieval process are described. The recognition model assumes that during the study phas...
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I find that the total retrieval time in word free recall increases linearly with the total number of items recalled. Measured slopes, the time to retrieve an additional item, vary from 1.4-4.5 seconds per item depending upon presentation rate, subject age and whether there is a delay after list presentation or not. These times to retrieve an additional item obey a second linear relationship as ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Memory & Cognition
سال: 1976
ISSN: 0090-502X,1532-5946
DOI: 10.3758/bf03213211